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Introduction

This section outlines the principles for guiding enforcement action decisions for offenders on community work (CW). It defines what non-compliance is, and provides guidelines for appropriate enforcement action to take in response to non-compliance.

More detailed information is provided in further chapters about the use of sanctions, breaches, and applications to the court.

Any failure by the offender to comply with a requirement of the sentence is considered to be a non-compliance.

Examples:

  • failure to report as directed on the written instruction to report (ITR)
  • failure to work to a satisfactory standard, or
  • failure to advise the probation officer/senior community work supervisor within 72 hours of moving to a new residential address.

Enforcement action is any action taken by the probation officer/senior community work supervisor in response to non-compliance.

There are two types of enforcement action that can be taken. These are:

  • sanctions (action taken by CPPS staff only), and
  • legal action (where CPPS staff take action in the court system).
Principles

All instances of non-compliance should be addressed with the offender and some action taken. This action should be taken quickly and decisively. Each situation should be considered on its own merits and in conjunction with the guidelines, the enforcement action taken should consider:

  • the level of the non-compliance
  • previous instances or trends in non-compliance with the current sentence(s)
  • the level of risk to the community, and
  • whether the offender is on the offender warning system (OWS).

Note: Any deviation from the enforcement guidelines should be discussed with a service manager and clearly outlined in IOMS casenotes.

Definition of sanctions

The first level of enforcement action is sanctions, and is appropriate for use in response to minor instances of non-compliance, such as failing to report as instructed.

CW sanctions are any form of enforcement action for non-compliance with the conditions of CW, which:

  • are imposed by the senior community work supervisor or probation officer, and
  • do not involve the intervention of the court.

Use the appropriate sanction according to the circumstances of the particular situation. Sanctions available for CW are listed below (not necessarily in order of severity):

  • a verbal or written warning
  • loss of remission of hours
  • requirement for the offender to report more frequently (to make up for penalty hours, or slow progress toward required hours)
  • transfer from agency to centre placement (as a result of poor performance), and
  • refusal to count hours worked/penalty hours (available for CWC placements only).
Definition of legal enforcement action

The second level of enforcement action which may be taken by the probation officer/senior community work supervisor is court action.

This should be used in response to more serious non-compliance, and also when sanctions imposed have not resulted in an improvement in the offender’s response to the sentence.

Legal enforcement action available for community work is:

  • breach, or
  • application to the court for cancellation and substitution of the existing sentence.

Note: The full range of CPPS sanctions available to the probation officer/senior community work supervisor should be considered before taking legal enforcement action.

Risk management

Before making any decision about what type of enforcement action to take the probation officer/senior community work supervisor must consider and balance the following:

  • the seriousness of the non-compliance
  • the integrity of the sentence, and
  • the potential risk to community safety.

In general, the probation officer/senior community work supervisor should take the lowest level of enforcement action considered likely to achieve the required result (usually future compliance). It can be appropriate to repeat the same type of enforcement action, including sanctions, at appropriate interventions if this achieves the desired outcome. If non compliance continues, the level of enforcement action should be escalated.

If it is determined that there is a significant risk to community safety (or the safety of any individual) this will always outweigh the potential benefit to the offender, and legal enforcement action will be taken.

Legislative responsibilities/ requirements

In every instance that legal enforcement action is undertaken, check the enforcement action against the relevant sections of the legislation under which the offender was sentenced.

The probation officer/senior community work supervisor should be aware of which legislation the action is being taken under, and the specific requirements of that legislation. This will be particularly important when legal enforcement action is being taken against offenders sentenced before the 2007 amendments to the Sentencing Act 2002.

Management oversight

Decisions regarding appropriate enforcement action are not always straightforward. When the probation officer/senior community work supervisor is unclear as to the most appropriate response to non-compliance, advice should be sought from a senior probation officer or service manager.

Important: All legal enforcement action undertaken should be checked by the service manager.

Note: Exact details of the non-compliance, the rationale for decisions made, and all action taken with respect to enforcement is to be recorded in IOMS casenotes. This will include a record of any discussion with the service manager where appropriate.

Timeliness

The probation officer/senior community work supervisor is responsible for ensuring that offenders understand the consequences of non-compliance (this should be done both during the induction stage and if/when any non-compliance begins to occur) and for ensuring that the consequences are applied without delay.

Note: For OWS offenders some form of enforcement action must be commenced within one week of the non-compliance.

CW sentence

Non-compliance with any requirement of the sentence is to be treated seriously.

Sections of the legislation relating to CW require the offender to comply with:

  • reporting
  • residence, and
  • completion of hours.

The probation officer/senior community work supervisor should ensure compliance with these requirements is maintained.

The probation officer/senior community work supervisor has no authority to choose not to require compliance with the sentence.

If the probation officer/senior community work supervisor considers that compliance with the sentence cannot be achieved, it is their responsibility to make an application to court to address that issue.


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