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For copyright reasons the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) cannot be reproduced here. However, a summary of the instrument is provided below.

The YLS/CMI (Hoge & Andrews, 2002) is designed to assess the established predictors of criminal conduct. The instrument is appropriate for use by a variety of corrections professional, including probation officers, youth workers, psychologists, and social workers. The focus of the instrument is on: antisocial attitudes, antisocial associates, antisocial personality, and a history of antisocial and problematic behaviour at home, school, work, and leisure. The YLS/CMI samples many of the major and minor risk factors in order to provide a comprehensive risk/needs assessment for male and female offenders aged 12 and other. The sub-scales are indicators of major risk factors identified by theory and research. The sub-scales also describe dynamic risk factors that can be targeted in treatment. The 42 risk items are grouped into eight scales: These are listed below:

  • Prior and current offences/dispositions
  • Family circumstances/parenting
  • Education/Employment
  • Peer relations
  • Substance abuse
  • Leisure/recreation
  • Personality/behavior
  • Attitudes/orientation

The items are of a standard format with the interviewer provided with a semi-structured interview schedule with items scored as yes or no or 3, 2, 1, 0 with higher scores indicating more endorsement of the item for the individual. A scoring form is provided that translates these into a 1 or 0 score. The YLS/CMI has four risk estimate categories for based on total scores with these ranging from Low to Very High Risk based on the distribution of scores in the instrument validation sample.

Specimen item

Item 18: How do you do in your job? [Do you like your work? Does your boss compliment you on your work?]


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